This course introduces the fundamental principles of microbiology, focusing on the structure, function, classification, and diversity of microorganisms. It explores the roles of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae in health, industry, agriculture, and the environment. Topics covered include microbial metabolism, genetics, pathogenicity, immunology, and microbial control methods. The course also emphasizes practical applications in medicine, biotechnology, food production, and environmental conservation.